Lecture 08 Thursday March 30 2008

Mitochondria

  • phylogenetic chart
  • humans are the culmination of a mosaic of different organisims working together

archgenetics

  • when organisms had common ancesters and how long ago the organisms divergd or evolved
  • we have an idea of how long it takes a mutation to overtake the general population

the history of lice

  • pubic vs. head lice
  • gorillas have pubic but not head lice
  • chimps have head but not pubic lice
  • head lice is 13 million years old
  • pubic lice is 3 million years old
  • there is speculation that humans used gorilla nests and contracted their lice

Ulsers

  • hpylori
  • 58 thousand years ago it was introduced to human populations
  • as a comparison to lice

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

  • nodules on the roots of plants
  • clover -
  • what is great about nitrogen fixing?
  • proteins need amino acids and nitrogen is essential to amino acid construction
  • humans get nitrogen by eating plants
  • plants extract nitrogen from the air (80% nitrogen) by a synergistic relationship with bacteria
  • it exchanges sugar for nitrogen
  • forest fire rebirths are characterized by large growth of alder species which have increased ability to nitrogen fix
  • alfalfa is planted after a cash crop to renitroginate the soil

fungi

  • Almost every plant has a special relationship with fungi
  • roots are stuffed with fungi
  • ladyslipper
  • microrizne - root fungus
  • without the proper mircrotizne the tree will not grow even in good soil, with good minerals, and good water

Protozoa

  • microorganisms under an milimetre long
  • some protozoa live in the intestines of termites
  • they allow the termite to digest or break down cellulose in wood

ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER

Squid

  • luminescent bacteria
  • born with a hole in their head
  • this allows and encourages bacteria to crawl in and a pouch develops
  • specifically luminescnet bacteria
  • these bacteria function for the squid as a head lamp
  • the squid constantly maintains his flashlight colony by flushing or squeezing it out every few days

ants marching

  • tree in costa rica
  • domatia - a hotel at the base of the tree for the ants
  • dave matthews band milk story

Likens

  • a combination of allgea and fungi
  • carrabou liken from the artic
  • they have leaves for photosynthesis
  • the have fruit cells for sexual reproduction

modular properties

  • you can take likens apart and grow them as constituent organisms
  • but they grow individually as blobs but come together in fantastic structures
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